Roach Power! - Cyborg cockroaches could power own electric 'brains'

>> Wednesday, December 31, 2008

NewScientist - December 30 2008, by David Robson

PITY future cyborg insects. As if being remotely controlled by a human isn't bad enough, their every movement may be harnessed to power the electronics that hijack their bodies. This could also extend the length of their enslavement, since the microchips had previously relied on tiny batteries with short lifespans.

Engineers have been attempting to gain control of insects' bodies. Camera for some time, to act as discreet spies or to take advantage of their advanced sense of smell to detect chemicals or explosives.

To do this, researchers implant electrical stimulators that zap certain nerves or brain cells, triggering an impulse that makes the insect move in a desired direction. This process can be controlled by a preprogrammed chip or by remote control (New Scientist, 6 March 2008, p 40)Movie Camera.

Powering these "stimulator chips" is a big limitation. "Wires from an external power source restrict their motion, and most battery cells are too heavy and wouldn't fit on the insect," says Keisuke Morishima from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology in Japan. Smaller batteries have been used, but run down in as little as a few minutes.

Instead, Morishima suggests that the insects themselves could power the slave-driving chips. As a proof of concept, he glued a piezoelectric fibre - 4 centimetres in length but just 200 micrometres across - to the back of a Madagascar hissing cockroach. As the cockroach walked, each step stretched and squeezed the piezoelectric fibre, generating electricity via mechanical stress.

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Shrinking Computers - How Small Can Computers Get? Computing In A Molecule

>> Tuesday, December 30, 2008

ScienceDaily - December 30, 2008

Over the last 60 years, ever-smaller generations of transistors have driven exponential growth in computing power. Could molecules, each turned into miniscule computer components, trigger even greater growth in computing over the next 60?

Atomic-scale computing, in which computer processes are carried out in a single molecule or using a surface atomic-scale circuit, holds vast promise for the microelectronics industry. It allows computers to continue to increase in processing power through the development of components in the nano- and pico scale. In theory, atomic-scale computing could put computers more powerful than today’s supercomputers in everyone’s pocket.

“Atomic-scale computing researchers today are in much the same position as transistor inventors were before 1947. No one knows where this will lead,” says Christian Joachim of the French National Scientific Research Centre’s (CNRS) Centre for Material Elaboration & Structural Studies (CEMES) in Toulouse, France.

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Will Flying Cars be Next? - Ford announces new self-parking technology

Yahoo News - December 30 2008, by Erin Conroy

Ford to debut vehicles that parallel park with the push of a button at Detroit auto show.

Sit back, relax and let your car parallel park itself -- without a single scratch or ding to your bumper.

That's what Ford Motor Co. said Tuesday about its new self-parking technology, which it announced will debut as an option on the 2010 Lincoln MKS sedan and the new seven-passenger Lincoln MKT luxury crossover vehicle.

The technology uses ultrasonic sensors on the front and rear of the vehicle, combined with electric power steering to angle and guide it into a snug parking space -- all with the push of a button.

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Calling Dr. Moreau - 'Hybrid embryo' legal block lost

>> Monday, December 29, 2008

BBC - December 9 2008

Christian campaigners have lost their High Court challenge to scientists being allowed to create human-animal embryos for research purposes.

The Christian Legal Centre and Comment on Reproductive Ethics were refused permission to bring a test case application for judicial review.

They had wanted to overturn a decision of the research regulator the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority.

But the judge ruled their challenge was unarguable.

Mrs Justice Dobbs, sitting at the High Court in London, ruled that the application was "totally without merit".

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Sleep on it - Unconscious Brain Makes The Best Decisions

ScienceDaily - December 29 2008

Researchers at the University of Rochester have shown that the human brain—once thought to be a seriously flawed decision maker—is actually hard-wired to allow us to make the best decisions possible with the information we are given.

Neuroscientists Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky received a 2002 Nobel Prize for their 1979 research that argued humans rarely make rational decisions. Since then, this has become conventional wisdom among cognition researchers

Contrary to Kahnneman and Tversky's research, Alex Pouget, associate professor of brain and cognitive sciences at the University of Rochester, has shown that people do indeed make optimal decisions—but only when their unconscious brain makes the choice.

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Prediction? Pain - US police could get 'pain beam' weapons

>> Sunday, December 28, 2008

New Scientist - December 24 2008, by David Hambling
Photo credit: US Air Force

The research arm of the US Department of Justice is working on two portable non-lethal weapons that inflict pain from a distance using beams of laser light or microwaves, with the intention of putting them into the hands of police to subdue suspects.

The two devices under development by the civilian National Institute of Justice both build on knowledge gained from the Pentagon's controversial Active Denial System (ADS) - first demonstrated in public last year, which uses a 2-metre beam of short microwaves to heat up the outer layer of a person's skin and cause pain.

Like the ADS, the new portable devices will also heat the skin, but will have beams only a few centimetres across. They are designed to elicit what the Pentagon calls a "repel response" - a strong urge to escape from the beam.

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Hey, wait a second - 2009 to arrive not a second too soon

>> Saturday, December 27, 2008

MSNBC - December 26 2008, by Joe Rao

'Leap Second' added to 2008 so Earth can catch up to super-accurate clocks

The start of next year will be delayed by circumstances beyond everyone's control. Time will stand still for one second on New Year's Eve, as we ring in the New Year on that Wednesday night. As a result, you'll have an extra second to celebrate because a "Leap Second" will be added to 2008 to let a lagging Earth catch up to super-accurate clocks.

By international agreement, the world's timekeepers, in order to keep their official atomic clocks in step with the world's irregular but gradually slowing rotation, have decreed that a Leap Second be inserted between 2008 and 2009.

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Busting Some Old-Wives' Tales - Medical Myths For The Holiday Season

>> Friday, December 26, 2008

ScienceDaily - December 26 2008

In a study published in the Christmas 2008 issue of the British Medical Journal, Aaron Carroll, M.D., M.S., and Rachel Vreeman, M.D., M.S., of the Indiana University School of Medicine, explore the science behind six myths commonly associated with the holidays yet relevant year-round.

   1. Sugar makes kids hyperactive.
   2. Suicides increase over the holidays.
   3. Poinsettias are toxic.
   4. You lose most of your body heat through your head.
   5. Eating at night makes you fat.
   6. You can cure a hangover with…

These beliefs are commonly accepted as true, not only by the general public, but also by many physicians. To the surprise of the authors, who are health services researchers with the Indiana University Center for Health Policy and Professionalism Research, the Regenstrief Institute, and Indiana Children's Health Services Research, they found all six myths to be false or unsupported by medical research.

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Creating new forms of life in your basement - Amateurs Try Genetic Engineering at Home

>> Thursday, December 25, 2008

FoxNews - December 25 2008, Associated Press
Photo Credit: AP

SAN FRANCISCO —  The Apple computer was invented in a garage. Same with the Google search engine. Now, tinkerers are working at home with the basic building blocks of life itself.

Using homemade lab equipment and the wealth of scientific knowledge available online, these hobbyists are trying to create new life forms through genetic engineering — a field long dominated by Ph.D.s toiling in university and corporate laboratories.

In her San Francisco dining room lab, for example, 31-year-old computer programmer Meredith L. Patterson is trying to develop genetically altered yogurt bacteria that will glow green to signal the presence of melamine, the chemical that turned Chinese-made baby formula and pet food deadly.

"People can really work on projects for the good of humanity while learning about something they want to learn about in the process," she said.

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Beautiful Power Sources - Quinnipiac University adds silent wind power

CNET News - December 23 2008, by Candace Lombardi
Photo Credit: Mariah Power

Some new sculptures at Quinnipiac University will soon provide students with more than just eye candy.

The university has hired Mariah Power to install 42 of its silent Windspire wind turbines for the gardens of its York Hill campus in Hamden, Conn., which are currently under construction.

Mariah Power produces small wind turbines in the $4,000-$5,000 range for use in residential and commercial properties.

All together the 42 wind turbines for Quinnipiac should provide about 84,000 kilowatt-hours of power per year to the campus, according to a university statement.

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Prayer in the 3rd Millennium - Vatican says 'amen' to iTunes prayer book

>> Wednesday, December 24, 2008

MSNBC - December 22 2008
Photo credit: Pier Paolo Cito / AP

iBreviary, created by a priest, has been downloaded 10,000 times in Italy

The Vatican is endorsing new technology that brings the book of daily prayers used by priests straight onto iPhones.

The Vatican's Pontifical Council for Social Communications is embracing the iBreviary, an iTunes application created by a technologically savvy Italian priest, the Rev. Paolo Padrini, and an Italian Web designer.

The application includes the Breviary prayer book — in Italian, English, Spanish, French and Latin and, in the near future, Portuguese and German. Another section includes the prayers of the daily Mass, and a third contains various other prayers.

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Building an artificial brain - Prof. Hugo de Garis

>> Tuesday, December 23, 2008

According to this Wikipedia entry, "In 2008 de Garis received a 3 million Chinese yuan grant (around $436,000) to build an artificial brain for China (the China-Brain Project), as part of the Brain Builder Group at Wuhan University."

Click on the image below to watch Prof. de Garis on The Discovery Channel's "Brain Child" video.


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Make your teeth slippery - Nanoparticles Make Surface Too Slippery For Bacteria To Adhere

>> Monday, December 22, 2008

ScienceDaily - December 22, 2008
Image courtesy of Clarkson University

Clarkson University Center for Advanced Materials Processing Professor Igor Sokolov and graduate student Ravi M. Gaikwad have discovered a new method of protecting teeth from cavities by ultrafine polishing with silica nanoparticles.

The researchers adopted polishing technology used in the semiconductor industry (chemical mechanical planarization) to polish the surface of human teeth down to nanoscale roughness. Roughness left on the tooth after the polishing is just a few nanometers, which is one-billionth of a meter or about 100,000 times smaller than a grain of sand.

Sokolov and Gaikwad showed that teeth polished in this way become too “slippery” for the "bad" bacteria that is responsible for the destruction of dental enamel. As a result the bacteria can be removed fairly easily before they cause damage to the enamel.

Although silica particles have been used before for tooth polishing, polishing with nanosized particles has not been reported. The researchers hypothesized that such polishing may protect tooth surfaces against the damage caused by cariogenic bacteria, because the bacteria can be removed easily from such polished surfaces.

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A Rationale for ThePriceofRice – A Year-End Note from Barry

>> Sunday, December 21, 2008

When I started ThePriceofRice in 2006, I chose that domain name to link my blog to the idea of "stuff that matters," as in the question, How does that affect the price of rice in China? Most of the things we read about every day do not affect China's market price for rice, or much else but, by contrast, I wanted to write about things that were of significance to my life, and perhaps yours, too.

I began by writing self-improvement articles based on my experience in life, love, work and finances. But as things do, my focus evolved and specialized into articles on futurism and the technological singularity. I wrote my own commentaries on the relevant news of the day, which was fun, but then my focus narrowed even more: Documenting the approaching singularity.

From a certain point on, my contribution to the world has no longer been to produce content, but rather to document and highlight the news that most of us would otherwise miss. Most of us do not pay attention to technological advances until they show up on the retailers' shelves, meanwhile advances are taking place that are transforming how we think and live in the most profound ways imaginable.

My self-assigned task has been to scour the trade papers and other news outlets for significant advances in technology and bring to your attention the most portentous articles I can find. I usually highlight one article every day, presenting you with a short section along with a link to the full article at its source. I am careful to give full attribution and to link back to the original.

It is my contention that we cannot take full advantage of technological or societal change unless we have a basic grasp of what's happening, why it's happening, and what it will mean for our lives. Not to mention that it's damned interesting.

So look for more articles on bio-engineering, general artificial intelligence, neuroscience, nano-technology, life extension, transhumanism, robotics, virtual and augmented reality, and the approaching technological singularity. And tell your friends about ThePriceofRice!

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Another reason to play - Video games may do the aging brain good

>> Saturday, December 20, 2008

MSNBC - December 19, 2008, by Amy Norton

Older adults might want to take an interest in their grandchildren's' video games, if early research on the brain benefits of gaming is correct.

In a study of 40 adults in their 60s and 70s, researchers found that those who learned to play a strategy-heavy video game improved their scores on a number of tests of cognitive function.

Men and women who trained in the game for about a month showed gains in tests of memory, reasoning and the ability to "multi-task."

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You can't ever be too thin - Researchers create graphite memory only 10 atoms thick

>> Friday, December 19, 2008

ComputerWorld - December 18, 2008, by Lucas Mearian

Graphene memory is impervious to radiation

Researchers at Rice University have demonstrated a new data storage medium made out of a layer of graphite only 10 atoms thick.

The technology could potentially provide many times the capacity of current flash memory and withstand temperatures of 200 degrees Celsius and radiation that would make solid-state disk memory disintegrate.

The team, lead by professor James Tour, included postdoctoral researchers Yubao Li and Alexander Sinitskii. In an interview, Tour said laboratory tests started a year and a half ago but his team only recently published a paper on the results.

Laboratory tests showed that they were able to grow graphene, which technically is 10 or fewer layers of graphite, atop silicon and use it to store a bit of data. The sheets were roughly 5 nanometers in diameter. Graphene is a form of carbon.

"Though we grow it from the vapor phase, this material is just like graphite in a pencil. You slide these right off the end of your pencil onto paper. If you were to place Scotch tape over it and pull up, you can sometimes pull up as small as one sheet of graphene. It is a little under 1 nanometer thick," Tour said.

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Human, know thyself! - Genome Prices Slashed

>> Thursday, December 18, 2008

MSNBC - December 17, 2008, by Alan Boyle
Photo credit: Gary Parker / Complete Genomics

How much does it cost to decode your genome? Last year, the going rate was $1 million. Now prices are plunging - and as a result, the prospects for personalized medicine and other genetic innovations are rising.

To get a sense of how deeply prices are plunging, let's start with the whopping price tag of $3 billion for the Human Genome Project, which produced a composite readout of the DNA code from many donors by 2003.

It took a few years more to publish the first complete genome for a single human - specifically, genetic entrepreneur Craig Venter - at an estimated cost of $70 million to $100 million. Nobel-winning biologist James Watson's genome was also done up last year at a cost of roughly $1 million.

In the past year, genome-decoding has gone commercial - almost to the point of sparking a price war. A 2-year-old company called 23andMe is offering an analysis of 600,000 key DNA markers for $399 (marked down from $999). Other companies - including deCODE and Navigenics - are in the marker-analysis business as well, with services listed at prices ranging from less than $1,000 to $2,500.

You can get your entire 6-billion-base-pair genome decoded by a 1-year-old company called Knome at a cost of $100,000 (slashed from $350,000). And now Complete Genomics is gearing up to provide whole-genome analysis for $5,000 a pop.


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Experience is the best teacher - Cognitive computing: Building a machine that can learn from experience

PhysOrg.com - December 17, 2008
Illustration by: D. Modha, IBM

Suppose you want to build a computer that operates like the brain of a mammal. How hard could it be? After all, there are supercomputers that can decode the human genome, play chess and calculate prime numbers out to 13 million digits.

But University of Wisconsin-Madison research psychiatrist Giulio Tononi, who was recently selected to take part in the creation of a "cognitive computer," says the goal of building a computer as quick and flexible as a small mammalian brain is more daunting than it sounds.

Tononi, professor of psychiatry at the UW-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health and an internationally known expert on consciousness, is part of a team of collaborators from top institutions who have been awarded a $4.9 million grant from the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) for the first phase of DARPA's Systems of Neuromorphic Adaptive Plastic Scalable Electronics (SyNAPSE) project.

Tononi and scientists from Columbia University and IBM will work on the "software" for the thinking computer, while nanotechnology and supercomputing experts from Cornell, Stanford and the University of California-Merced will create the "hardware." Dharmendra Modha of IBM is the principal investigator.

The idea is to create a computer capable of sorting through multiple streams of changing data, to look for patterns and make logical decisions.

There's another requirement: The finished cognitive computer should be as small as a the brain of a small mammal and use as little power as a 100-watt light bulb. It's a major challenge. But it's what our brains do every day.

"Our brains can do it, so we have proof that it is possible," says Tononi. "What our brains are good at is being flexible, learning from experience and adapting to different situations."

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Fill 'er up with... bone - Injectable artificial bone developed

>> Wednesday, December 17, 2008

Cosmos - December 11, 2008, by Jake Goldenfein
(Photo credit: Regentec)

SYDNEY: Artificial 'injectable bone' that flows like toothpaste, and hardens in the body, has been invented by British scientists.

This new regenerative medicine technology provides a scaffold for the formation of blood vessels and bone tissue, and can also deliver stem cells directly to the site of bone repair, say the researchers.

"Injectable bone is the first delivery system for stem cells and growth factors that forms a material with the strength of a bone," said Robin Quirk, a pharmacist and co-founder of RegenTec – the University of Nottingham, In England, spin-off company commercialising the technology.

No more surgery

Quirk said he hopes that injectable bone might one day reduce or eliminate the need for bone-grafts to repair skeletal defects and fractures – which often require painful invasive surgery.

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Airborne Laser lets rip on first target

>> Tuesday, December 16, 2008

NewScientist - December 15, 2008, by Paul Marks
(Photo credit: Jim Shryne/USAF)

IMAGINE swarms of aircraft patrolling the skies, zapping missiles, aircraft or even satellites in low Earth orbit with invisible, ultrapowerful laser beams.

Such laser battles in the sky may not be such a long way off, after a megawatt laser weapon was fired from an aircraft for the first time.

Although the Airborne Laser (ABL) was fired from a stationary plane at a target on the ground just a few metres away, the test marked a milestone for the weapon, developed by aerospace firms Boeing, Lockheed Martin and Northrop Grumman.

The laser was 12 years in the making and cost $4.3 billion, putting it vastly over budget. The US Missile Defense Agency (MDA) calls it the answer to "rogue states" or terror groups who equip themselves with intercontinental ballistic missiles, such as Scuds.

Yet the ABL may soon be used to shoot down a much wider range of devices - including aircraft - and is just one of a number of laser weapons now being readied for military use.

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Towards responsible use of cognitive-enhancing drugs by the healthy

>> Monday, December 15, 2008

(Blogger's Note: It won't take very long, once you begin to take an interest in human enhancement, to see that the idea of enhancing "well" humans through medical technology is politically incorrect. We are supposed to use medicine and technology only to bring the sick or disabled up to "normal," but it is anathema even to discuss going any further. Why is that?

It is partially because certain political factions believe we should all be equal in every way, and partially a result of the religious belief that we should not attempt to play God by improving on his design errors. The human body, screw-ups and all, is held somehow to be sacred.

In my view, both these systems of belief are themselves screwed up, to put it in crass terms. In any case, here is an excellent article that addresses the issue.)

Nature - December 7, 2008, by Henry Greely, Barbara Sahakian, John Harris, Ronald C. Kessler, Michael Gazzaniga, Philip Campbell & Martha J. Farah

Society must respond to the growing demand for cognitive enhancement. That response must start by rejecting the idea that 'enhancement' is a dirty word, argue Henry Greely and colleagues.

Today, on university campuses around the world, students are striking deals to buy and sell prescription drugs such as Adderall and Ritalin — not to get high, but to get higher grades, to provide an edge over their fellow students or to increase in some measurable way their capacity for learning. These transactions are crimes in the United States, punishable by prison.

Many people see such penalties as appropriate, and consider the use of such drugs to be cheating, unnatural or dangerous. Yet one survey1 estimated that almost 7% of students in US universities have used prescription stimulants in this way, and that on some campuses, up to 25% of students had used them in the past year. These students are early adopters of a trend that is likely to grow, and indications suggest that they're not alone2.

In this article, we propose actions that will help society accept the benefits of enhancement, given appropriate research and evolved regulation. Prescription drugs are regulated as such not for their enhancing properties but primarily for considerations of safety and potential abuse. Still, cognitive enhancement has much to offer individuals and society, and a proper societal response will involve making enhancements available while managing their risks.

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Local company to receive grant for wearable supercomputer

>> Sunday, December 14, 2008

idsnews.com - December 10, 2008, by Vince Zito

Device would be used for military, other purposes

A Bloomington-based company, MNB Technologies Inc., is in the process of developing a supercomputer with the capacity of 10 to 12 desktop computers in a gadget the size of a notebook.

The company announced that the Department of Defense has awarded them an $85,000 grant to further its development of the wearable supercomputer.

The wireless computer is strapped to a soldier’s belt and is viewed through a high-definition, head-mounted monitor that looks like a tennis visor.

“We have a head-mounted display, HMD, when wearing it gives you the same feeling as if you are sitting six feet away from a 54-inch monitor,” said Nick Granny of MNB Technologies.

The grant awarded to the company will allow them to reduce the size and weight of the device to that of a common paperback book.

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First Self-Healing Coatings

>> Saturday, December 13, 2008

Technology Review - December 12, 2008, by Katherine Bourzac
(Photo Credit: Paul Braun)

A paint additive will protect cars, bridges, and ships from corrosion.

When a car's underbody or a ship's hull begins to corrode, it usually ends up junked. New protective coatings developed at the University of Illinois heal over their own scratches with no external intervention, protecting the underlying metal. The self-healing elements, enclosed in microcapsules that rip open when the coating is scratched, are compatible with a wide range of paints and protective coatings. The coatings, being marketed by Autonomic Materials of Champaign, IL, may be on the market in as soon as four months.

The materials, described online this week in the journal Advanced Materials, were developed by Paul Braun and Scott White, both professors in the Beckman Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. The self-healing system consists of two kinds of microcapsules: one filled with polymer building blocks, the other with a catalyst. Because the capsules, made of polyurethane, keep the reactive chemicals inside isolated, they can be mixed into a wide range of coatings. When the coatings are scratched, the microcapsules are torn open and their contents flow into the crack and form siloxane, a polymer that Braun likens to bathroom caulk. Unlike other self-healing systems, the Illinois coatings don't require elevated temperatures or moisture to mend.

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What's Next for Computer Interfaces?

>> Friday, December 12, 2008

Technology Review - December 11, 2008, by Kate Greene
Photo Credit: Patrick Baudisch

Touch tricks for small and large displays could be the next big thing.

Earlier this week, the humble computer mouse celebrated its 40th birthday. While surprisingly little has changed since Doug Engelbart, an engineer at Stanford Research Institute, in Palo Alto, CA, first demonstrated the mouse to a skeptical crowd in San Francisco, we may have already seen a few glimpses of the future of computer interfaces. If so, over the next few years, the future of the computer interface will likely revolve around touch.

Thanks to the popularity of the iPhone, the touch screen has gained recognition as a practical interface for computers. In the coming years, we may see increasingly useful variations on the same theme. A couple of projects, in particular, point the way toward interacting more easily with miniature touch screens, as well as with displays the size of walls.

One problem with devices like the iPhone is that users' fingers tend to cover up important information on the screen. Yet making touch screens much larger would make a device too bulky to slip discreetly into a pocket.

A project called nanoTouch, developed at Microsoft Research, tackles the challenges of adding touch sensitivity to ever-shrinking displays. Patrick Baudisch and his colleagues have added touch interaction to the back of devices that range in size from an iPod nano to a watch or a pendant. The researchers' concept is for a gadget to have a front that is entirely a display, a back that is entirely touch sensitive, and a side that features buttons.

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Scientists develop software that can map dreams

>> Thursday, December 11, 2008

Telegraph - December 11, 2008, by Danielle Demetriou

The secret world of dreams has been unlocked with the invention of technology capable of illustrating images taken directly from human brains during sleep.

A team of Japanese scientists have created a device that enables the processing and imaging of thoughts and dreams as experienced in the brain to appear on a computer screen.

While researchers have so far only created technology that can reproduce simple images from the brain, the discovery paves the way for the ability to unlock people's dreams and other brain processes.

A spokesman at ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories said: "It was the first time in the world that it was possible to visualise what people see directly from the brain activity.

"By applying this technology, it may become possible to record and replay subjective images that people perceive like dreams." The scientists, lead by chief researcher Yukiyaso Kamitani, focused on the image recognition procedures in the retina of the human eye.

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Rapid-Fire Killer Robot Passes Flight Test

FoxNews - December 10, 2008

Video of a Dec. 2 flight test conducted at Edwards Air Force Base in California by defense contractor Lockheed Martin has made it onto the Web, and it looks like something out of the "Terminator" movies.

Rival defense contractor Raytheon is also working on its own multiple-kill-vehicle program.

Inside a large steel cage, Lockheed's MKV lifts off the ground, moves left and moves right, rapidly firing all the while as flames shoot out of its bottom and sides.

The plan is to mount one or more MKVs onto carrier missiles, which would launch into space to engage enemy nuclear-tipped ballistic missiles at the apogees, or peaks, of their trajectory arcs.

Video

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Novatel Wireless MiFi Puts a Hotspot In Your Pocket

>> Wednesday, December 10, 2008

PCWorld - December 9, 2008, by Yardena Arar

A Wi-Fi hotspot can be a godsend for a traveler in need of Internet access, but finding one can sometimes be a challenge. Mobile broadband networks run by major carriers are more ubiquitous, but they can be a hassle to install and use, and adapters aren't available for many devices that support Wi-Fi.

So Novatel Wireless has come up with MiFi, a line of gadgets that will let you create a Wi-Fi hotspot using a mobile broadband network. Novatel describes MiFi devices as "intelligent mobile hotspots," but they are basically smart routers, the size of a couple of stacked credit cards, that connect to the Internet via a high-speed mobile phone network (such as the EVDO networks operated by Sprint and Verizon Wireless, or the UMTS/HSDPA networks operated by AT&T Wireless and T-Mobile).

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LG develops cell phone chip for fast downloads

>> Tuesday, December 09, 2008

MSNBC - December 9, 2008
(Photo: A model shows LG Electronics Inc.'s long-term evolution (LTE) modem chips at LG Electronics Mobile Communication Technology Research Lab in Anyang, South Korea.)

Download speed is eight times that of the current fastest mobile phones.

ANYANG, South Korea - LG Electronics Inc. claimed a step forward in the commercialization of the next generation of Internet capable handsets, demonstrating a modem chip with a download speed eight times that of the fastest mobile phones currently on the market.

The South Korean company unveiled the chip, created for a technology standard known as Long-Term Evolution, or LTE, at a research lab in Anyang, just outside Seoul, on Tuesday.

The so-called fourth generation technology, still under development, is vying with the rival WiMax standard to usher in super-fast Web browsing and downloads over mobile phones and other wireless devices.

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The Newspaper Industry Is Saved! (Or Not)

NYT - December 8, 2008, by Matt Richtel
(Credit: Flexible Display Center at Arizona State University)

Extra, Extra, Read All About It — on a Flexible, Unbreakable Display.

In this case, the news is the medium. Hewlett-Packard and Arizona State University, which is home to the Flexible Display Center, announced on Monday that they have come up with a prototype computer display that is made of plastic, but is “paper-like.”

The company and the research lab say the innovation will allow electronic displays to become easily portable and more energy-efficient. They say their lithography technology lets images appear on the displays without distortion despite rolling and bending.

H.P. doesn’t say when the technology could hit the mass market, but it says the displays could have a place in notebook computers, smart phones and other devices.

One wonders (especially one who works for a news organization) whether those devices might include a highly portable electronic newspaper — something that the industry has fantasized about for some time, and that might help stanch the loss of readers. Alas, the industry probably needs not just new displays, but modern business models. Maybe H.P.’s researchers can work on that next.

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Nanotechnology 'culture war' possible, study says

>> Monday, December 08, 2008

Physorg.com - December 7, 2008
Photo credit: Nicolle Rager Fuller, National Science Foundation

Rather than infer that nanotechnology is safe, members of the public who learn about this novel science tend to become sharply polarized along cultural lines, according to a study conducted by the Cultural Cognition Project at Yale Law School in collaboration with the Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies. The report is published online in the journal Nature Nanotechnology.

These findings have important implications for garnering support of the new technology, say the researchers.

The experiment involved a diverse sample of 1,500 Americans, the vast majority of whom were unfamiliar with nanotechnology, a relatively new science that involves the manipulation of particles the size of atoms and that has numerous commercial applications. When shown balanced information about the risks and benefits of nanotechnology, study participants became highly divided on its safety compared to a group not shown such information.

The determining factor in how people responded was their cultural values, according to Dan Kahan, the Elizabeth K. Dollard Professor at Yale Law School and lead author of the study. "People who had more individualistic, pro-commerce values, tended to infer that nanotechnology is safe," said Kahan, "while people who are more worried about economic inequality read the same information as implying that nanotechnology is likely to be dangerous."

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New holographic method could be used for lab-on-a-chip technologies

>> Sunday, December 07, 2008

Purdue University - December 2, 2008

WEST LAFAYETTE, Ind. - Researchers at Purdue University have developed a technique that uses a laser and holograms to precisely position numerous tiny particles within seconds, representing a potential new tool to analyze biological samples or create devices using nanoassembly.

The technique, called rapid electrokinetic patterning, is a potential alternative to existing technologies because the patterns can be more quickly and easily changed, said mechanical engineering doctoral student Stuart J. Williams.

"It's potentially a very versatile tool," said Williams, who is working with doctoral student Aloke Kumar and Steven T. Wereley, an associate professor of mechanical engineering.

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Making an Old Brain Young

>> Saturday, December 06, 2008

Technology Review - December 1, 2008, by Emily Singer

Scientists are developing new ways to manipulate the brain's normal plasticity.

New ways to manipulate neural plasticity--the brain's ability to rewire itself--could make adult brains as facile as young ones, at least in part. Drugs that target these mechanisms might eventually help treat neurological disorders as diverse as Alzheimer's, stroke, schizophrenia, and autism. But first scientists will need to figure out how to harness this rewiring capacity without damaging vital neural circuitry.

"Once we understand the mechanisms behind plasticity, we can design therapies to tap into it more specifically," says Joshua Sanes, a neuroscientist at Harvard Medical School.

The brain experiences a "critical period" of heightened malleability during development, when outside experiences--such as sights and sounds--are necessary for different brain systems to develop normally. Infants and toddlers between the ages of one and three need regular visual stimuli, for example, in order for their visual systems to form the appropriate neural circuits. If one eye is impaired during this time, such as with lazy eye (also called amblyopia), vision may be permanently faulty.

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Tiny 'paddleboat' could ship drugs around the body

>> Friday, December 05, 2008

NewScientist - December 4, 2008, by Paul Marks

A MICROSCOPIC swimming machine that works like a paddle steamer could help deliver drugs inside the body and move chemicals around inside miniaturised labs. The device is the first artificial microswimmer to move without using chemical propulsion or bending itself into different shapes.



For microscale swimmers, the viscosity of water presents a much bigger barrier to motion than we are used to on everyday scales. It is like swimming through honey for a human: any forward movement during one half of a swimming stroke would be negated by an opposite backwards motion in the second half, with the result that the swimmer goes nowhere. "In a stiff fluid, what you achieve in half of your swimming cycle you undo in the next half-cycle," says Ramin Golestanian, a physicist at the University of Sheffield in the UK.

That's why bacteria like Escherichia coli use a rotating corkscrew-like tail called a flagellum to propel themselves forward. With a continuously rotating propeller rather than a backwards-forwards swimming motion, the bacteria barrel along.

Now Golestanian and Pietro Tierno at the University of Barcelona in Spain have been able to achieve a similar goal with a micromachine that swims by mimicking a paddle wheel. The researchers built their microswimmer from two beads, 1 and 3 micrometres in diameter. They coated the beads in a protein called streptavidin that binds strongly to DNA and then fastened them together with two 8-nanometre strands of DNA.

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Bots Get Smart

>> Thursday, December 04, 2008

Spectrum - December 2008, by Jonathan Schaeffer, Vadim Bulitko, and Michael Buro

Can video games breathe new life into AI research?

You’re following a gloomy corridor into a large boiler room, dimly lit by a flickering fluorescent lamp and echoing with the rhythms of unseen machinery. Three enemy soldiers suddenly appear on a catwalk high above the floor. They split up, one of them laying down suppressive fire, which forces you to take cover. Although you shoot back, the attackers still manage to creep forward behind a curtain of smoke and flying debris.

Moments later, a machine gun rings out, and you are cut down in a shower of bullets. Then, as you lie dying, you glimpse the soldier who flanked you from behind while his two buddies drew your attention.

Thankfully, it was only a video game, so in fact you’re not mortally wounded. Still, your ego might well be bruised, because you were not only outgunned but also outsmarted by artificial intelligence (AI).

The game is called F.E.A.R. , short for First Encounter Assault Recon, and its use of AI, along with its impressive graphics, are its prime attractions. The developer, Monolith Productions of Kirkland, Wash., released it in 2005 to rave reviews, including the GameSpot Web site’s Best Artificial Intelligence award. Such recognition means a lot to the game’s creators, who face stiff competition in what has become a multibillion-dollar industry.

The game is a far cry from the traditional diversions that AI researchers like ourselves have long studied, such as chess and checkers. Whereas the goal in the past was to write computer programs capable of beating expert players at such board games, now the metric of success for AI is whether it makes video games more entertaining.

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First superconducting transistor promises PC revolution

NewScientist - December 3, 2008, by Paul Marks

THE world's first superconducting transistor, a long-standing goal for applied physicists, could lead to dramatically faster microchips.

Last year Andrea Caviglia and his colleagues at the University of Geneva in Switzerland grew a single crystal containing two metal oxides, strontium titanate and lanthanum aluminate, as separate segments. At the interface of these materials, the team found a layer of free electrons called an electron gas (Science, vol 317, p 1196). At 0.3 kelvin - just above absolute zero - these electrons flow without resistance and so create a superconductor.

Now the same group says it can switch this superconductivity on and off by applying a voltage to the interface. The result is a superconducting version of the field effect transistor (FET) - a mainstay of digital electronics.

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Starwars style holographic 3DTV could be a reality by 2018, experts say

>> Wednesday, December 03, 2008

PhysOrg.com - December 2, 2008

A 3D television system which would display holographic images floating in mid air - reminiscent of a famous scene from Star Wars - could be a reality in households within the next decade according to findings by a team of University of Aberdeen academics.

Led by Professor John Watson from the University's School of Engineering, experts from the institution were partners in a four year European Commission (EC) funded project to investigate the underlying principles, technologies and practicalities of introducing 3D TV systems to the mass market.

The findings of the project suggest that a stereoscopic 3D TV with the viewer wearing 3D glasses is near market and may only be a few months away.

More advanced systems based on autostereoscopic technology, which do not require the wearing of glasses, are being piloted by several TV manufacturers and are only two or three year away from market.

Whilst the ultimate 3D experience, using fully interactive floating holographic images - similar to that which is seen when Princess Leia appears in front of Luke Skywalker as a hologram in Star Wars - could be on the market by 2018.

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Standing in Someone Else’s Shoes, Almost for Real

>> Tuesday, December 02, 2008

NYT - December 1, 2008, by Benedict Carey

From the outside, psychotherapy can look like an exercise in self-absorption. In fact, though, therapists often work to pull people out of themselves: to see their behavior from the perspective of a loved one, for example, or to observe their own thinking habits from a neutral distance.

Marriage counselors have couples role-play, each one taking the other spouse’s part. Psychologists have rapists and other criminals describe their crime from the point of view of the victim. Like novelists or moviemakers, their purpose is to transport people, mentally, into the mind of another.

Now, neuroscientists have shown that they can make this experience physical, creating a “body swapping” illusion that could have a profound effect on a range of therapeutic techniques. At the annual meeting of the Society for Neuroscience last month, Swedish researchers presented evidence that the brain, when tricked by optical and sensory illusions, can quickly adopt any other human form, no matter how different, as its own.

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Talking Web, memory assistants and solar-powered cell phones headed mainstream, IBM says

>> Monday, December 01, 2008

NetworkWorld - November 26, 2008, by Jon Brodkin

IBM's 'Next Five in Five' predicts innovations that will change our lives

A talking Web, solar technology embedded in windows and cell phones, and the end of forgetting will all come in the next five years, IBM predicts in its third annual Next Five in Five list, detailing innovations that could change our lives in the next half-decade.

The other predictions: We will all have digital shopping assistants and, separately, "crystal balls" to predict our future health.
Read the latest WhitePaper - Wireless LAN Virtualization: Twice the Network at Half the Cost

"The Next Five in Five is based on market and societal trends expected to transform our lives, as well as emerging technologies from IBM's Labs around the world that can make these innovations possible," IBM says.

Here's a look at IBM's five predictions announced this week:

1. Solar power  will be built into asphalt sidewalks, driveways, siding, paint, rooftops and windows. New thin-film solar cells  will be cost-effective and incredibly thin, allowing them to be applied just about anywhere.

"Until now, the materials and the process of producing solar cells to convert into solar energy have been too costly for widespread adoption," IBM says. "These new thin-film solar cells can be 'printed' and arranged on a flexible backing, suitable for not only the tops but also the sides of buildings, tinted windows, cell phones, notebook computers, cars and even clothing."

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